Dementia is a very general term that describes any brain syndrome that is characterized by issues with memory, judgment, carrying out familiar tasks and projects, and language.  Dementia also typically involves problems with orientation; for example, the person may have difficulties knowing who he is, where he lives, and the time of day.

Dementia used to be called ‘senile dementia’; however, this phrase is no longer used because it suggests that the condition is a natural part of aging.  This is not the case.  Dementia is caused by other medical conditions—some of which are even reversible.

Causes of Dementia

Alzheimer’s disease is the most frequent cause of dementia, but the syndrome can also be caused by many other conditions.  Sometimes it is found that the syndrome has been caused by more than one medical condition; in these cases, it is referred to as mixed dementia.

Other than Alzheimer’s, there are several other common health conditions that can cause dementia.  These include:

• Strokes, tumors, or head injuries
• Parkinson’s disease
• Other diseases, such as Dementia with Lewy bodies and Frontotemporal dementia

There are also some conditions that can cause dementia that may be reversible; that is, if treatment is received, the dementia may recede.  These conditions include:

• Depression: Depression can result in concentration problems, trouble making decisions, and difficulty in thinking clearly—all of which mimic the symptoms of dementia. 
• Thyroid problems: Hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid gland) or hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid gland) can both cause issues like forgetfulness and concentration difficulties, just as dementia can.
• Infections: Certain types of infections can affect the functioning of the brain.  This can result in foggy thinking, forgetfulness, and difficulty concentrating, all of which are symptoms of dementia.
• Medications: Some medications may have side effects that mimic the symptoms of dementia.  If dosages are adjusted or medications are changed, the symptoms may subside.
• Malnutrition and/or Dehydration: Both of these conditions can cause the brain to function improperly, making it seem as if the person has dementia.

Treatment of Dementia

If the cause of a person’s dementia is not treatable—which is the unfortunate case for most dementia patients—doctors and caregivers will work with the patient’s family to develop plans to make the person’s life more comfortable.  Some medications can help improve mood and behavior of the patient.  Otherwise, the plans will likely include home safety tips, home health care assistance and respite care to ease stress for caregivers.

Tags | Dementia